1. What is Fouling Factor?

The fouling factor (Rd) represents the thermal resistance caused by the accumulation of unwanted material on heat transfer surfaces. It quantifies the reduction in heat transfer efficiency due to fouling in heat exchangers and other thermal systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the fouling factor equation:

Where:

• \( R_d \) — Fouling factor (m²K/W)
• \( U_d \) — Dirty overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m²K)
• \( U \) — Clean overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m²K)

Explanation: The equation calculates the additional thermal resistance caused by fouling by comparing the heat transfer coefficients of dirty and clean surfaces.

3. Importance of Fouling Factor

Details: Fouling factors are critical in heat exchanger design and maintenance, helping engineers account for performance degradation over time and size equipment appropriately.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter both Ud (dirty coefficient) and U (clean coefficient) in W/m²K. Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are typical fouling factor values?
A: Values vary widely (0.0001-0.001 m²K/W) depending on fluid type, temperature, and fouling mechanism.

Q2: How does fouling affect heat exchanger performance?
A: Fouling reduces heat transfer efficiency, increases pressure drop, and can lead to higher energy costs and reduced equipment lifespan.

Q3: When should fouling factors be measured?
A: During routine maintenance or when performance degradation is observed in heat exchangers.

Q4: Can fouling factors be negative?
A: No, fouling factors should always be positive as they represent additional thermal resistance.

Q5: How can fouling be minimized?
A: Through proper material selection, regular cleaning, fluid treatment, and maintaining appropriate flow velocities.