1. What is Power Factor?

Power Factor (PF) is the ratio of real power (measured in watts) to apparent power (measured in volt-amperes) in an AC electrical system. It indicates how effectively electrical power is being used.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Power Factor formula:

Where:

• \( Real Power \) — Active power that performs work (W)
• \( Apparent Power \) — Total power flowing in the circuit (VA)

Explanation: Power factor ranges from 0 to 1, with 1 being ideal (all power is real power with no reactive power).

3. Importance of Power Factor

Details: A low power factor indicates poor electrical efficiency, resulting in higher currents and energy losses. Utilities often charge penalties for low power factor.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter real power in watts and apparent power in volt-amperes. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a good power factor value?
A: Typically 0.95 or higher is considered good. Values below 0.85 are generally considered poor.

Q2: How can power factor be improved?
A: By adding power factor correction capacitors to offset inductive loads, or by using more efficient equipment.

Q3: What causes low power factor?
A: Primarily inductive loads like motors, transformers, and fluorescent lighting that create reactive power.

Q4: What's the difference between leading and lagging power factor?
A: Lagging PF (most common) means current lags voltage (inductive load). Leading PF means current leads voltage (capacitive load).

Q5: Does power factor affect energy bills?
A: Yes, many utilities charge additional fees for low power factor since it requires them to provide more current for the same real power.