1. What is the XRD D Value Equation?

The XRD D Value equation calculates the interplanar spacing (d-spacing) in crystalline materials from X-ray diffraction data. For water, this helps analyze its structure in different crystalline forms like ice.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses Bragg's Law in the form:

Where:

• \( d \) — Interplanar spacing (Å)
• \( \lambda \) — X-ray wavelength (Å)
• \( \theta \) — Diffraction angle (degrees)

Explanation: The equation relates the angle of diffraction to the spacing between atomic planes in a crystal when X-rays interact with it.

3. Importance of D Value Calculation

Details: Calculating d-spacing is fundamental in XRD analysis for identifying crystalline phases, determining unit cell parameters, and understanding material structure.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter X-ray wavelength in Ångströms (Å) and diffraction angle in degrees (0-90°). Common X-ray wavelengths: Cu Kα = 1.5406 Å, Mo Kα = 0.7107 Å.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is this important for water analysis?
A: Water's d-spacing helps study its crystalline forms (ice polymorphs) and hydration shells around molecules.

Q2: What are typical d-values for water/ice?
A: Ice Ih shows strong peaks around 3.7 Å and 3.9 Å depending on temperature and pressure.

Q3: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The equation is mathematically exact, but real measurements require proper peak identification and instrument calibration.

Q4: Can this be used for liquid water?
A: The equation works for any diffraction peak, but liquid water produces broad peaks requiring different analysis methods.

Q5: What about multiple wavelengths?
A: For polychromatic radiation, each wavelength component produces its own diffraction pattern.